A city at the foot of Mount Hermon, by one of the springs that feeds the Jordan — built around an older shrine to the Greek god PAN (the site's earlier name, Paneas, survives in the modern Arabic Banias). Herod the Great received the district from Augustus and built a temple there to the emperor himself; his son PHILIP the tetrarch enlarged the town and renamed it Caesarea in Augustus's honor, adding 'Philippi' ('of Philip') to distinguish it from the OTHER Caesarea his father had built on the coast (Caesarea Maritima, not on these pages). A city carrying Caesar's name twice over is where Matthew 16:13 has Jesus ask his disciples who people say he is — the northernmost point any Gospel records him traveling to, roughly forty kilometers north of the Sea of Galilee.