Israel's neighbour east of the Jordan, north of Moab — and, like Moab, traced in Genesis 19:38 to Lot's younger daughter, so a kinsman nation with an unflattering origin story. Their capital was RABBAH, under modern Amman, which still carries the name. Relations were bad for centuries: Jephthah fights them (Judges 11), Nahash demands the right eye of every man at Jabesh-gilead (1 Samuel 11), David takes Rabbah, and Solomon's Ammonite wives bring the worship of MILCOM to Jerusalem (1 Kings 11:5). ⚠ Amos charges them with the worst crime in his list — ripping open the pregnant women of Gilead — and, uniquely among the eight oracles, states the motive: to enlarge their border (1:13).