INSOLENCE, presumptuous arrogance — not ordinary pride but the overreaching kind that thinks itself untouchable. From the root zid, 'to boil up, act presumptuously' — the same root behind the 'high-handed' (bezadon) deliberate sin that has no sacrifice (Numbers 15:30) and the 'proud/raging' waters that would have swept the psalmist away (Psalm 124:5). ⚠ It is Edom's one named sin in the FIRST half of Obadiah: 'the ZADON of your heart has deceived you' (1:3) — a security so complete, up in the rock, that it has curdled into contempt. Distinct from the ordinary word for pride (ga'avah); the shelf mostly levels it to 'pride' (KJV/NIV), but the word is sharper. → first discussed at Obadiah 1:3