AN ORPHAN — strictly the FATHERLESS: a child without the man who would have stood for him in court and fed him; the mother may be living, and often is, the widow named beside him. He is nearly always in company — with the widow from Exodus 22:22 onward, you shall not mistreat any widow or orphan, and with the stranger and the widow in Deuteronomy's standing triad. Stranger, orphan and widow together in one verse stands in eleven verses of Deuteronomy — 10:18, 14:29, 16:11, 16:14, 24:17, 24:19, 24:20, 24:21, and 26:12, 26:13 and 27:19 (not yet on these pages) — and God is his judge before Israel is: Deuteronomy 10:18, doing justice for the orphan and the widow. Isaiah 1:17 makes judging the orphan the test of a city and 1:23 its failure. ⚠ The shelf splits between 'fatherless' (KJV, ASV, NIV) and 'orphan'; the NWT 1984 prints 'fatherless boy' and the NWT 2013 'fatherless child'; the Spanish shelf has «huérfano», and the TNM «huérfano de padre». 'Fatherless' is the more exact; this translation prints orphan and lets this entry carry the precision. → first discussed at Deut 24:17