A TETRARCH — literally 'ruler of a fourth part', the Hellenistic title for one of several client-princes sharing a divided territory, one notch below a king. ⚠ When Herod the Great died his kingdom was split three ways among his sons, and Rome never upgraded any of them to full kingship: Antipas received Galilee and Perea and kept the lesser title 'tetrarch' his whole reign (Matthew 14:1), while Archelaus's larger share was demoted even further, to ethnarch, then removed outright within a decade. Matthew is precise about the title here — and then, three verses later (14:9), calls the very same man 'the king,' the way people actually addressed him rather than the label Rome gave him. This translation prints both, without smoothing the inconsistency away. → first discussed at Matt 14:1