CRAVING, desire, appetite — morally neutral in itself (it is the ordinary word for wanting something), and the engine of Numbers 11. The chapter opens with the rabble who 'craved a craving' (hit'avvu ta'avah, 11:4, already on these pages), a cognate accusative doubling the root for force, and closes thirty verses later by naming the burial ground Kibroth-hattaavah, 'the Graves of the Craving' (11:34) — the same word used first for the appetite and then for what the appetite cost. ⚠ The chapter is careful about WHAT was craved: not bread but fish, cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions and garlic, remembered as free. The thing punished is not hunger, which the manna already answers, but the wish to be back where the food was. → first discussed at Num 11:4