EMPTINESS, worthlessness — the word behind ‘for emptiness’ at the third of the Ten Words (Deuteronomy 5:11, English numbering: you shall not lift up the name of Jehovah your God for shav). ⭐ Deuteronomy’s own version of the ninth Word reaches for the identical word a second time — ‘neither shall you answer against your neighbour as an empty witness’ (5:16, ed shav) — an internal echo Exodus 20 does not share, since Exodus’s ninth Word uses a different noun, sheqer, ‘falsehood’ (already on these pages). So in Deuteronomy alone, misusing the divine name and lying under oath are condemned in the identical Hebrew word; in Exodus they are two separate wrongs, named two separate ways. → first discussed at Deut 5:10