FLESH — and ⚠ not 'body'. Paul has soma for body and uses it four times in Romans 8 alone (vv10, 11, 13, 23), and at v11 the body is precisely what gets MADE ALIVE. So the flesh/spirit contrast running through Romans 8 is not spirit-good against matter-bad; it names two orientations a person can be pointed in. Reading sarx as 'body' turns Paul into a dualist he spends the same chapter refusing to be. → first discussed at Rom 8:5