EVIL, calamity, harm — a word that covers both moral wickedness AND the disaster it brings, since Hebrew often names a deed and its consequence with one word. ⚠ It is a thread through Jonah: Nineveh's 'EVIL has come up before me' (1:2, their wickedness); 'on whose account this EVIL has come upon us' (1:7, the sailors mean the calamity of the storm); God sees Nineveh turn from its 'EVIL way' and relents of the 'EVIL' he had said he would do (3:10, both senses in one verse); and — the book's sting — 'it was EVIL to Jonah, a great evil' (4:1) that God had been merciful. The same word carries the crime, the punishment, and Jonah's fury that the punishment was cancelled. → first discussed at Jonah 1:2