A living creature/being — fish, birds, animals, and humans alike; not an immaterial 'soul' inside a body. ⚠ Psalm 23:3 is where that matters most to an English reader: nafshi yeshovev is not 'he restoreth my soul' but 'he brings my LIFE back' — shuv, to turn back, applied to the whole living self. Put 'soul' beside 'restore' and English manufactures a Platonic sentence the Hebrew does not contain. The two shelves split on it: the English NWT 1984 keeps 'My soul he refreshes' while the Spanish TNM reads 'Renueva mis fuerzas,' renews my strength. ⚠ Numbers 19 is the clearest place to see the range, because the word does three unrelated jobs there in six occurrences: a CORPSE (vv11, 13), LIVING PEOPLE (vv18, 22), and the subject of the karet sentence, 'that SOUL shall be cut off' (vv13, 20) — and v13 does two of the three in one sentence. This translation renders all three differently; the NWT 1984, alone on that shelf, keeps one English word for all three and lets the reader see it. → first discussed at Gen 1:20