Justice — and the verb to judge. Sarai invokes it in anger (16:5), a desert spring is named for it (En-mishpat, 14:7), and Abraham aims it at heaven itself: 'Shall not the Judge of all the earth do justice?' (18:25). ⚠ The same root organizes a whole run of Exodus: it names the case-law code itself (the Mishpatim, Exodus 21-23, already on these pages), then means simply 'plan' or 'design' for the tabernacle's own construction (26:30, already on these pages), then names the high priest's breastplate — 'breastplate of mishpat' — and the verdict it lets Aaron carry 'on his heart before Jehovah continually' (Exodus 28:15, 29-30, already on these pages). Three senses of one root across three chapters: law, design, and judgment worn on the body. → first discussed at Gen 16:5