KIDNEYS — and in Hebrew physiology the seat of conscience and of the deepest, least accessible self. The kidneys are what God TESTS (Jeremiah 17:10, Psalm 7:9) and what is pierced in grief (Psalm 73:21). Psalm 139:13 has God acquiring the speaker's kidneys, which the KJV renders 'reins' and most modern versions soften to 'inward parts' — accurate in sense, and it loses the anatomy the Hebrew is being specific about. → first discussed at Psalms 139:13