'Written' / 'read' — the Masoretes' double track: where tradition READ a word differently than the consonants WRITE it, they left the written letters in the column and set the reading beside them. Daniel 11 shows several (vv 10, 12, 18, 39 — an unpointed word beside its pointed twin in the Hebrew column here). The manuscript's own honesty, kept. ⭐ Numbers 21:32 is a compact example of why it matters: the consonants written are vayirash and the reading handed down beside them is vayoresh — the same root, but simple against causative, so what hangs on it is whether Israel TOOK the land or DROVE OUT the Amorite living on it. Every version on both shelves follows the qere; the Masoretes kept the other spelling in the column anyway, unpronounced. → first discussed at Dan 11:10