A BORDER — and, by extension, the territory inside one. ⭐ Numbers 34 is this word’s own chapter: searched consonantally across the whole Torah it stands there sixteen times in twenty-nine verses, more than in any other chapter of the five books and nearly three times the runner-up (Numbers 21, with six). ⚠ It is not a fence. A gvul is a LINE, and the chapter’s verbs are all things a line does — it turns, passes over, goes down, goes out, reaches. The same noun then means the land the line encloses, which is why a version can render it ‘border’ in one clause and ‘coast’ or ‘territory’ in the next without being wrong. ⚠ That double duty is what makes Numbers 34:6 genuinely hard: ‘the Great Sea and u-gvul’ can be a second thing (the coast), the predicate (for a border), or a genitive (the coast of the sea), and the shelf takes all three. ⚠ Moving a neighbour’s gvul — the boundary stone — is a crime of its own in Deuteronomy 19:14 and Proverbs 22:28 (neither yet on these pages), which is the other face of a chapter that spends twelve verses fixing one. → first discussed at Num 34:2