A SCRIBE — a professional, trained copyist and interpreter of the Torah, expert enough to render legal and religious rulings; the word shares its root with English 'grammar'. Grammateis have opposed Jesus repeatedly in this Gospel as a class. So the scribe of 13:52, 'trained for the kingdom of the heavens,' who brings out treasure both new and old, reads as a pointed reversal — the very kind of expert who has resisted Jesus elsewhere in this book redescribed as an ideal disciple, holding the old Scripture and the new teaching in the same hand rather than defending one against the other. → first discussed at Matt 13:52