A CITADEL — the fortified keep or stronghold-palace inside a walled city, the residence of whoever rules it. Usually rendered 'palace' (KJV/ASV), 'fortress' (NIV) or 'dwelling tower' (NWT); 'citadel' keeps both halves, the luxury and the defences. ⚠ It is one of Amos's signature words. It appears in every one of the eight oracles of chapters 1-2 — the fire always devours the ARMENOT, never simply 'the city' — and it keeps returning (3:9-11; 6:8), until the ruling class inside those buildings is the entire subject of the book. Amos's quarrel is not with a country but with an address. → first discussed at Amos 1:4